The term “trophy hunting” is misleading and fails to represent many of the intricacies, realities, and scientific foundations associated with well-managed, sustainable hunting. In this series, we look at myths perpetuated by organizations whose primary interest is to end this proven wildlife management, conservation and livelihood activity. While often an emotional issue, here we present the facts associated with international hunting and its conservation and livelihood outcomes.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated travel interruptions worldwide are playing out as a real-life example of the devastation that any ban on international hunting and the import or export of hunting trophies would have on wildlife and communities.
In this series of infographics, we share substantiated truths on the merits of international hunting, underpinned by real-life examples and scientific data.
References
Infographic
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
- http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/117/1175859929.pdf
- https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/18/doc/E-CoP18-083-01.pdf
Background text
References
Infographic
- http://www.napha-namibia.com/news-events/news-single-view/artikel/age-related-trophy-measuring-system/
- Jahner J.P., Matocq M.D., Malaney J.L., et al. 2018. The genetic legacy of 50 years of desert bighorn sheep translocations. Evol Appl, 12(2), pp198-213. Published 2018 Oct 16. doi:10.1111/eva.12708
- Rivrud, I., Sonkoly, K., Lehoczki, R., Csányi, S., Storvik, G. and Mysterud, A., 2012. Hunter selection and long-term trend (1881-2008) of red deer trophy sizes in Hungary. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50(1), pp.168-180.
Background
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
- Caroa, T.M., Young, C.R., Cauldwelld, A.E. and Brown, D.D.E., 2009. Animal breeding systems and big game hunting: Models and application. Biological Conservation, 142, pp.909-929.
- Jahner J.P., Matocq M.D., Malaney J.L., et al. 2018. The genetic legacy of 50 years of desert bighorn sheep translocations. Evol Appl, 12(2), pp198-213. Published 2018 Oct 16. doi:10.1111/eva.12708
- Rivrud, I., Sonkoly, K., Lehoczki, R., Csányi, S., Storvik, G. and Mysterud, A., 2012. Hunter selection and long-term trend (1881-2008) of red deer trophy sizes in Hungary. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50(1), pp.168-180.
References
Infographic
- Jones B.T.B., Diggle R.W., Thouless C. (2015) From Exploitation to Ownership: Wildlife-Based Tourism and Communal Area Conservancies in Namibia. In: van der Duim R., Lamers M., van Wijk J. (eds) Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9529-6_2
- http://www.cic-wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Technical_series_8.pdf
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
Background
- http://www.cic-wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Technical_series_8.pdf
- http://www.cic-wildlife.org/2019/10/01/the-dangers-of-extrapolation-hunting-revenues-and-local-communities-1-october-2019/
- Spenceley, A., Snyman, S. and Rylance, A., 2017. Revenue sharing from tourism in terrestrial African protected areas. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(6), pp.720-734.
References
Infographic
- https://www.traffic.org/about-us/illegal-wildlife-trade/
- https://cites.org/sites/default/files/common/prog/niaps/Tanzania%20E-SC70-27-04-A23.pdf
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
Background
- https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/our_focus/wildlife_practice/problems/illegal_trade/
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
- Lendelvo S, Pinto, M & Sullivan S (2020) A perfect storm? The impact of COVID-19 on community based conservation in Namibia. Namibian Journal of Environment 4 B: 1-15.
- http://www.zela.org/download/the-effects-of-covid-19-on-wildlife-reliant-communities-conservation-efforts-in-zimbabwe/
- Bauer, H., Packer, C., Funston, P.F., Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. 2015. Panthera leo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T15951A79929984.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015–4.RLTS. T15951A79929984.en
References
Infographic
- The State of Community Conservation in Namibia – NACSO Annual Report 2017
- “The baby and the bathwater: trophy hunting, conservation and rural livelihoods.” – Unasylva 249 (FAO)
- Lindsey, P., 2010. The future of wildlife-based land uses in Botswana. Current Conservation, 3, p23.
- Lindsey, P., Roulet, P. and Romañach, S., 2007. Economic and conservation significance of the trophy hunting industry in sub-Saharan Africa. Biological Conservation, 134(4), pp.455-469.
Background
- The State of Community Conservation in Namibia – NACSO Annual Report 2017
- “The baby and the bathwater: trophy hunting, conservation and rural livelihoods.” – Unasylva 249 (FAO)
- Lindsey, P., 2010. The future of wildlife-based land uses in Botswana. Current Conservation, 3, p23.
- Broekhuis, F., 2018. Natural and anthropogenic drivers of cub recruitment in a large carnivore. Ecology and Evolution, 8(13), pp.6748-6755.
References
Infographic
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/policy_en.pdf
- https://aws.boone-crockett.org/s3fs-public/atoms/files/on_fair_chase_0.pdf
- Lion Management SA, Question and Answers – Republic of South Africa, Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries
Background
- IUCN Resolution on Captive Bred Lion (WCC-2016-Res-013-EN)
- https://aws.boone-crockett.org/s3fs-public/atoms/files/on_fair_chase_0.pdf
- https://www.fws.gov/news/blog/index.cfm/2017/8/31/Making-Sure-Hunting-Contributes-to-Lion-Conservation-in-South-Africa
Infographic
- Comments on “Compatibility of Trophy Hunting as a Form of Sustsainable Use with IUCN’s Objectives – A Report by IUCN WCEL Ethics Specialist Group” – Simon N. Stuart
- The ethics of trophy hunting – Michael ‘t Sas-Rolfes and Rosie Cooney
- https://aws.boone-crockett.org/s3fs-public/atoms/files/on_fair_chase_0.pdf
Background
- Comments on “Compatibility of Trophy Hunting as a Form of Sustsainable Use with IUCN’s Objectives – A Report by IUCN WCEL Ethics Specialist Group” – Simon N. Stuart
- https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/policy_en.pdf
- The ethics of trophy hunting – Michael ‘t Sas-Rolfes and Rosie Cooney
- https://aws.boone-crockett.org/s3fs-public/atoms/files/on_fair_chase_0.pdf
References
Infographic
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
- Comments on “Compatibility of Trophy Hunting as a Form of Sustainable Use with IUCN’s Objectives – A Report by IUCN WCEL Ethics Specialist Group” – Simon N. Stuart
- Fedosenko, A. and Blank, D., 2005. Ovis ammon. Mammalian Species, 773, pp.1-15.
- Freeman, M. and Foote, L., 2009. Inuit, Polar Bears, And Sustainable Use. Edmonton: CCI Press.
- https://www.lexico.com/definition/neocolonialism
Background
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
- Comments on “Compatibility of Trophy Hunting as a Form of Sustsainable Use with IUCN’s Objectives – A Report by IUCN WCEL Ethics Specialist Group” – Simon N. Stuart
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000632071731100X
- https://www.lexico.com/definition/neocolonialism
- https://consult.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-management/trophy-hunting-consultation/
- https://consult.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-management/call-for-evidence-trophy-hunting/
Infographic
- Ogutu JO, Piepho H-P, Said MY, Ojwang GO, Njino LW, Kifugo SC, et al. (2016) Extreme Wildlife Declines and Concurrent Increase in Livestock Numbers in Kenya: What Are the Causes? PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163249
- Lewis, D., & Jackson, J. (2005). Safari hunting and conservation on communal land in southern Africa. In R. Woodroffe, S. Thirgood, & A. Rabinowitz (Eds.), People and Wildlife, Conflict or Co-existence? (Conservation Biology, pp. 239-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511614774.016
- Mbaiwa, Joseph. (2017). Effects of the safari hunting tourism ban on rural livelihoods and wildlife conservation in Northern Botswana. South African Geographical Journal. 100. 1-21. 10.1080/03736245.2017.1299639.
- What is CITES? – cites.org
Background
- https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/19/france-bans-imports-of-lion-hunt-trophies
- https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2016/05/02/additional-hunting-trophies-added-to-the-import-prohibition-list
- https://consult.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-management/call-for-evidence-trophy-hunting/
- https://consult.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-management/trophy-hunting-consultation/
- What is CITES? – cites.org
- Ogutu JO, Piepho H-P, Said MY, Ojwang GO, Njino LW, Kifugo SC, et al. (2016) Extreme Wildlife Declines and Concurrent Increase in Livestock Numbers in Kenya: What Are the Causes? PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163249
- Lewis, D., & Jackson, J. (2005). Safari hunting and conservation on communal land in southern Africa. In R. Woodroffe, S. Thirgood, & A. Rabinowitz (Eds.), People and Wildlife, Conflict or Co-existence? (Conservation Biology, pp. 239-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511614774.016
- Mbaiwa, Joseph. (2017). Effects of the safari hunting tourism ban on rural livelihoods and wildlife conservation in Northern Botswana. South African Geographical Journal. 100. 1-21. 10.1080/03736245.2017.1299639.
- https://www.iucn.org/commissions/commission-environmental-economic-and-social-policy/our-work/sustainable-use-and-livelihoods/resources-and-publications/iucn-briefing-paper-informing-decisions-trophy-hunting
Infographic
- https://www.cbd.int/undb/media/factsheets/undb-factsheet-sustainable-en.pdf
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
- WWF and Trophy Hunting (wwf.panda.org)
- http://www.met.gov.na/about-met/wildlife-and-national-parks/272/
- http://wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/North-American-model-of-Wildlife-Conservation.pdf
- Brainerd, S. and Kaltenborn, B., 2010. The Scandinavian model: A different path to wildlife management. The Wildlife Professional, 4(3), pp.52-56.
- http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.737.6870&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Background
- https://www.cbd.int/undb/media/factsheets/undb-factsheet-sustainable-en.pdf
- https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/iucn_sept_briefing_paper_-_informingdecisionstrophyhunting.pdf
- WWF and Trophy Hunting (wwf.panda.org)
- http://www.met.gov.na/about-met/wildlife-and-national-parks/272/
- http://wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/North-American-model-of-Wildlife-Conservation.pdf
- Brainerd, S. and Kaltenborn, B., 2010. The Scandinavian model: A different path to wildlife management. The Wildlife Professional, 4(3), pp.52-56.
- http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.737.6870&rep=rep1&type=pdf